Castle Rock Investment Company

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Personal Finance

Prepare for the Unexpected!

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By Mack Bekeza

Ever wonder what would happen if you were not able to make critical decisions by yourself because you were incapacitated? Is there anything you can do to prepare for the unexpected? Yes, there is! While you are still able to do so, there are three crucial documents that all adults should have to be prepared for one of life’s major curveballs. The documents include:

  1. The Financial Power of Attorney (“FPOA”): This is a document that allows an individual (the “principal”) to appoint someone (an “agent”) to make financial decisions on their behalf. This authority can be in effect immediately or come into force when the principal is incapacitated. This can also be beneficial for those who travel internationally and will not be available to sign financial documents.
  2. The Medical Power of Attorney (“MPOA”): This is a document that appoints an agent to make most medical decisions on someone’s behalf if they are incapacitated. It is crucial to also include something called a HIPAA waiver which will allow the agent to access medical records. Without the HIPAA waiver, the agent might not be able to act in the best interest of the principal due to lack of information. It is also important to know that if the principal is in terminal condition, a MPOA will not suffice. In that instance, there is another document that will.
  3. The Living Will/Advanced Directive: This document will allow an individual to decide how they want to be treated in the instance that they are in terminal condition and cannot communicate verbally. For instance, the individual can elect to refuse to be on life support or to be heavily medicated so they can pass peacefully. But perhaps the reason why this document is so crucial is because it will remove the burden from family members required to make these painful decisions and can even prevent families from falling apart due to disagreements.

So, what if you have children or if you were to pass away earlier than expected? If so, how can you communicate those wishes to your children along with other family members?

On December 13th, Castle Rock Investment Company is hosting a holiday event about how you can communicate your wishes to your loved ones with a “Love Letter.” The Love Letter™ just might be one of the best gifts you can give to your family! If you would like to learn more about this event, please go to www.castlerockinvesting.com and register on our home page. You will be glad you did!

For additional information on the event or to register, please contact Kristen Sanchez at Kristen@castlerockinvesting.com.

©2016 Castle Rock Investment Company. All rights reserved. Please share your insights and comments with us at Info@Castlerockinvesting.com

Getting the Facts Straight about Qualified Plan Loans

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By Mack Bekeza

Are you considering making a large purchase but don’t have the money to do so? Are you in need of emergency cash? Typically, they are many options for people in that situation such as a home loan, a home equity line of credit, personal loans, etc. But what if you do not want to deal with a bank or have a poor credit score? Fortunately, there are a few options, with the most notable being the Qualified Plan Loan. That’s right, you could be able to take a loan from your employer’s retirement plan. In fact, over 75% of Qualified Retirement Plans allow participants to take loans from their accounts.
 
So now to the big question…is it worth taking a loan from your retirement plan? In short, no. However, it is still important to weigh the options of taking such a loan. Below are the major pros and cons of taking loans from your employer’s retirement plan.

Pros:
1. Qualified Plan loans offer a low interest rate, which is usually the prime rate plus 1%

2. You are not borrowing from a bank; you are just borrowing from yourself. In other words, the interest that you pay will actually go into your retirement account balance. (However, please note that all loan payments going back into the plan are in after-tax dollars).

3. The loan process is typically very easy and you can get the needed cash in a timely manner. On top of that, payments are simply deducted from your paycheck.

4. Loan minimums can be as low as $500-1,000 and people can borrow up to 50% or $50,000 of their vested balance, whichever is less.

Cons:
1. Payment options are not as flexible as other loans since the only two options are the minimum payments deducted from your paycheck or to pay the balance in full.

2. You have 90 days to start making payments back into the plan or else the loan will be considered taxable and will trigger a 10% tax penalty (for borrowers under 59 ½). Remember, if you are laid off, you may only have 90 days to pay the remaining balance in full or the loan will become a taxable event and will also trigger the 10% tax penalty (for borrowers under 59 ½)

3. People who borrow from their employer retirement plan may face loan fees, i.e. loan origination fees, loan maintenance fees, etc. And if the loan is particularly small (say $1,000 for an example) you could theoretically be paying 15% just in fees, which will not go back into your plan.

4. Finally, there are major opportunity costs associated with a Qualified Plan Loan. For example, if the borrowed funds in your account can potentially earn an average of 8% a year while your borrowed funds can only earn a theoretical 4.5% with the interest from the loan, you could theoretically be losing money (depending on market conditions).
 
In the end, a Qualified Plan Loan may not a great idea for those who have other means of getting an affordable loan and in most cases should only be used as a last resort.
 
So, how can someone get money for large purchases without going to a bank or borrowing from their retirement plan? For starters, people can make it a monthly habit to contribute to an emergency fund and/or a special purchase(s) fund so that they will not have to borrow money in the first place (please read our previous blogs on emergency funds and on general savings tips).
 
Overall, borrowing can be quite a hassle and could be costly in the long run no matter how you look at it. However, if you develop a plan for making a large purchase or plan ahead of an emergency, funding these events in our lives can be a much smoother and inexpensive process. If you currently do not have a plan, contact Castle Rock Investment Company to help you reach life’s major financial milestones, we will always work in your best interest!
 
©2016 Castle Rock Investment Company. All rights reserved. Please share your insights and comments with us at Mack@Castlerockinvesting.com

Water Cooler Wisdom: Third Quarter 2016

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By Mack Bekeza

The Presidential Election and What to Know

Despite the pleasant performance in the stock market for 2016, investors are becoming more doubtful about the global economy as a whole in regards to how “pleasant” future growth will be. On top of that, The U.S is having one of the most interesting presidential elections in history. With both of the leading candidates making big promises to the public, how will these proposed actions affect the economy as a whole? But perhaps the biggest question and misconception that U.S investors have is “How does the President affect the economy?”

For our response, we want to point out 3 big myths about how the President affects the economy

            1. Capital Markets perform better when Republicans are in the White House:  

Although many consider the Republican party as the “pro-business” party, if you look at the returns of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1897, the markets do not give a hoot about who is president.

2. Major pieces of legislation get passed once the new President assumes office:

With the exceptions of the Affordable Care Act and Dodd-Frank, The United States rarely makes major policy changes in one major swoop, rather in small increments.

3. The President has as much of an impact on the economy as consumers and businesses:

     Although the media places major scrutiny on the President over the U.S Economy, government spending only accounts for 17.7% of total GDP, while the remaining 82.4% comes from consumer spending, private investments, and foreign trade.

So… will this presidential election completely change the way we invest? More than likely no. However, it is important to note the U.S GDP is expected grow between 1.5 to 2% over the next decade. This is primarily due the recent and projected dismal growth in the U.S labor force along with over $30 trillion in private wealth being transferred to younger generations. In other words, it is more crucial to observe how Millennials begin to take charge of the U.S Economy rather than who becomes president.

Attached are slides that provide more detail regarding presidential elections and major leading economic indicators.

©2016 Castle Rock Investment Company. All rights reserved. Please share your insights and comments with us at Mack@CastleRockInvesting.com.

 

HSAs and what you need to know about them!

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By Mack Bekeza

Since 2003, Health Savings Accounts (“HSAs”) have been an excellent tool for families to help cover current healthcare costs, along with future healthcare costs. HSAs are also known to be an excellent tax-planning tool since participants are allowed to contribute on a pre-tax basis and the funds grow tax deferred. Additionally, participants are able to make tax-free withdrawals for qualified medical expenses. Funds in an HSA may also be invested in a list of mutual funds, or even have a brokerage link for more savvy investors. On top of that, people have until April of the following year to make contributions (similar to an IRA).

With all of these excellent benefits, there are a few caveats:

  • There is a yearly contribution limit of $3,400 per year for individuals and $6,750 for family plans in 2017. If your health plan runs from January to September, you can only make contributions for these months.
  • There can be tax penalties if withdrawals are made for non-qualified medical expenses before age 65. This involves paying income taxes for the non-qualified withdrawals as well as a whopping 20% penalty.
  • In order to qualify to contribute to an HSA, individuals must have a high-deductible health care plan (“HDHP”). This means that an individual plan must have a minimum deducible of $1,300 and minimum “maximum out-of-pocket costs” of $6,550 for 2017. For family plans, the minimum deductibles and maximum out of pocket costs would be $2,600 and $13,100 respectively. You also cannot be enrolled in Medicare.
  • Finally, if you are currently enrolled in a health plan that is a part of a healthcare.gov exchange, finding a health plan that is HSA eligible for 2017 will be nearly impossible since the requirements for a health plan to be eligible for a government exchange go against the requirements for a plan to be HSA eligible.

These setbacks should not prevent people from taking advantage of these accounts. In fact, HSAs will more than likely save people money in the long term and even in the short term. With having a HDHP, premiums will be notably less expensive for individuals and families, meaning that people can use those up front savings towards HSA contributions. Also, people can reimburse themselves for medical expenses that occurred in the past as long as the HSA was opened before that expense occurred. This means that if someone needed to make a non-qualified distribution, he or she can make it appear as if they were reimbursing themselves for a prior medical expense.

Although you will have to increase your deductible and maximum-out of pocket costs, utilizing a Health Savings Account could be one of the best decisions you will make if you want to plan for future health needs, even in retirement. And, don’t forget to keep your medical receipts…you may need them later!

© 2016 Castle Rock Investment Company. All rights reserved. Please share your insights with us at mack@castlerockinvesting.com or via phone at 303-719-7523

Active Versus Passive Investment Strategy…Which is Best?

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By Mack Bekeza

Investors have been debating if it is better to have an active investment strategy or a passive one. On one side, investors claim that being active will allow them to capture the best investment opportunities and optimally manage risk. On the other side, investors claim that going passive will help them secure long-term returns while being able to diversify unnecessary risk. Is one side more accurate than the other? We can’t really say. However, we can say that there is one thing that plays a very significant role in this argument…fees!

How do fees affect investment returns? First, let’s review the three common places fees show up in our investments, particularly mutual funds: Sales-loads, management fees, and 12b-1 fees.

How do these fees affect overall investment performance? Recently, Standard and Poor’s conducted research on how fees affect active managers’ performance against their benchmarks and came out with some noteworthy results. For U.S equity funds,       70% – 92% of active funds in their respective categories underperformed their benchmarks[1] over five years, net of fees. In other words, the vast majority of actively managed U.S equity funds underperformed U.S equity index funds over the course of five years[2] after fees. However, only 30-65% of actively managed fixed-income funds in their categories (excluding long term government, high-yield, and emerging markets) have underperformed their benchmarks after fees. International equity funds have also experienced a smaller percentage of their funds underperforming after fees, ranging from 47%-79% in their categories.

So, what does this mean for those who invest in mutual funds? Although there could be a case made that going active in fixed-income has benefited investors, being passive (investing in market index funds) has been more rewarding to investors over the course of five years. Will this trend continue? We don’t know. However, we do know this: index funds have posted better long-term performance than active funds due to having fewer fees and by mimicking the market, rather than trying to beat it.

© Castle Rock Investment Company. All rights reserved. Please share your insights with us at mack@castlerockinvesting.com or via phone at 303-719-7523

[1] Note that the benchmarks in this study are indexes made by Standard and Poor’s, this writing only mentions returns after fees with retail mutual funds, not institutional mutual funds. Here is the study that we are referencing: http://us.spindices.com/documents/research/research-spiva-institutional-scorecard-how-much-do-fees-affect-the-active-versus-passive-debate.pdf?utm_medium=Email&utm_source=Eloqua

[2] Index funds are not the benchmarks themselves, rather they attempt to mimic them.

Rouge Broker Steals $1.3 Million From an 89-Year old!

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By Mack Bekeza

On July 2016, FINRA discovered that Travis Wetzel, a former broker who was originally barred from the industry in 2013, had been making fraudulent annuity withdrawal requests for an 89-year old’s Variable Annuity with Prudential. Once Prudential got wind of this, it immediately investigated the situation and discovered that the withdrawals were being made from an account in the broker’s wife’s maiden name! Overall, there were a total of 114 withdrawals made to this account between July 2010 through September 2012. Unfortunately for Prudential, even though it responded promptly and reimbursed the 89-year old, it was fined $950,000 by FINRA for failing to spot this while the withdrawals were being made.

Even though this story seems to be very unfortunate for both the 89-year old and Prudential, things like this happen more frequently than most people would think. For instance, MetLife was fined $25 million dollars for similar reasons. And, on top of that, LPL has paid over $12 million in fines and restitution for failing to supervise fraud in variable annuities, non-traded REITS, and even certain ETFs.

Since variable annuities are complex products that are mostly sold to the elderly, FINRA places a very high level of scrutiny on possible fraudulent activity. And, it can be quite a task for brokers to spot these transactions since they process millions of transactions on a daily basis. So, being able to spot fraudulent activity the minute it happens can be nearly impossible. In fact, it can take up to a couple of years to find out what exactly happened!

Is there anything the client can do to avoid these mishaps? Fortunately, yes, there is! Individuals can hire a financial advisor, such as Castle Rock Investment Company, that operates as a fiduciary to help them make the right choices and not get sucked in by a dishonest broker. Another thing that a client can do is look up their broker or investment advisor through FINRA’s Broker-Check website to see if they have had previous client complaints. Although most financial professionals are honest people, it is important that individuals seeking financial advice do their homework to see if they are walking into a trap.

© 2016 Castle Rock Investment Company. All rights reserved. Please share your insights with us at mack@castlerockinvesting.com or via phone at 303-719-7523

How to Get the Most Out of Index Funds

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By Mack Bekeza

Although index funds can be an excellent choice for retirement investing, many people do not have a complete understanding of how they work. Before we get into the main topic, let’s get some facts straight about what these funds have done historically.

  1. Over the long term, have index funds outperformed the large majority of their active cohorts? Yes!
  2. Are index funds a much cheaper way to invest than actively managed funds? Yes!
  3. So, just because someone is only invested in index funds, have they significantly reduced their portfolio risk? Well… not exactly.

Being able to understand the risk of an index fund has been difficult for some investors, simply because they do not have a complete understanding of what they are invested in. For instance, a study conducted by Natixis, found that 64% of investors believe that index funds will help minimize investment losses. Natixis also found that nearly 7 out of 10 investors believe that index funds “provide the same access to the best investment opportunities in the market.”[1] Is this true? Again…not exactly. So, how can investors reduce investment losses with index funds? The simple answer is through diversification.

Diversification, or what is known to academics as the only free lunch in investing, is simply investing across different asset classes (stocks, bonds, cash, etc.) and across numerous regions around the world (i.e. domestic funds and international funds). As a result, investors reduce risk by having funds that do not all go up and down together. For example, let’s take a $1,000 portfolio that has 50% invested in a stock index fund and 50% invested in a bond index fund. If the stock index fund loses 2% in one year and the bond index fund gains 4%, the portfolio has increased by 1%.

So why doesn’t the portfolio go up 2% if it has a 50/50 split between stocks and bonds? Well… let’s find out. At the end of the year, the $500 that was in the stock fund turned into $490 and the $500 in the bond fund turned into $520. If we add them together, the portfolio is now worth $1,010, a 1% gain. Diversification is meant to be used to reduce risk and stabilize the portfolio. And, if you diversify with index funds, you have found a way reduce risk while saving money!

© 2016 Castle Rock Investment Company. All rights reserved. Please share your insights with us at mack@castlerockinvesting.com or via phone at 303-719-7523

[1] Here is the article about the study: http://www.planadviser.com/Investors-Miss-Much-of-the-Subtlety-in–Active-vs-Passive-/